function_ref.h 5.5 KB

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  1. // Copyright 2019 The Abseil Authors.
  2. //
  3. // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  4. // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  5. // You may obtain a copy of the License at
  6. //
  7. // https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  8. //
  9. // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  10. // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  11. // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  12. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  13. // limitations under the License.
  14. //
  15. // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  16. // File: function_ref.h
  17. // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  18. //
  19. // This header file defines the `absl::FunctionRef` type for holding a
  20. // non-owning reference to an object of any invocable type. This function
  21. // reference is typically most useful as a type-erased argument type for
  22. // accepting function types that neither take ownership nor copy the type; using
  23. // the reference type in this case avoids a copy and an allocation. Best
  24. // practices of other non-owning reference-like objects (such as
  25. // `absl::string_view`) apply here.
  26. //
  27. // An `absl::FunctionRef` is similar in usage to a `std::function` but has the
  28. // following differences:
  29. //
  30. // * It doesn't own the underlying object.
  31. // * It doesn't have a null or empty state.
  32. // * It never performs deep copies or allocations.
  33. // * It's much faster and cheaper to construct.
  34. // * It's trivially copyable and destructable.
  35. //
  36. // Generally, `absl::FunctionRef` should not be used as a return value, data
  37. // member, or to initialize a `std::function`. Such usages will often lead to
  38. // problematic lifetime issues. Once you convert something to an
  39. // `absl::FunctionRef` you cannot make a deep copy later.
  40. //
  41. // This class is suitable for use wherever a "const std::function<>&"
  42. // would be used without making a copy. ForEach functions and other versions of
  43. // the visitor pattern are a good example of when this class should be used.
  44. //
  45. // This class is trivial to copy and should be passed by value.
  46. #ifndef ABSL_FUNCTIONAL_FUNCTION_REF_H_
  47. #define ABSL_FUNCTIONAL_FUNCTION_REF_H_
  48. #include <cassert>
  49. #include <functional>
  50. #include <type_traits>
  51. #include "absl/functional/internal/function_ref.h"
  52. #include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
  53. namespace absl {
  54. ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
  55. // FunctionRef
  56. //
  57. // Dummy class declaration to allow the partial specialization based on function
  58. // types below.
  59. template <typename T>
  60. class FunctionRef;
  61. // FunctionRef
  62. //
  63. // An `absl::FunctionRef` is a lightweight wrapper to any invokable object with
  64. // a compatible signature. Generally, an `absl::FunctionRef` should only be used
  65. // as an argument type and should be preferred as an argument over a const
  66. // reference to a `std::function`.
  67. //
  68. // Example:
  69. //
  70. // // The following function takes a function callback by const reference
  71. // bool Visitor(const std::function<void(my_proto&,
  72. // absl::string_view)>& callback);
  73. //
  74. // // Assuming that the function is not stored or otherwise copied, it can be
  75. // // replaced by an `absl::FunctionRef`:
  76. // bool Visitor(absl::FunctionRef<void(my_proto&, absl::string_view)>
  77. // callback);
  78. //
  79. // Note: the assignment operator within an `absl::FunctionRef` is intentionally
  80. // deleted to prevent misuse; because the `absl::FunctionRef` does not own the
  81. // underlying type, assignment likely indicates misuse.
  82. template <typename R, typename... Args>
  83. class FunctionRef<R(Args...)> {
  84. private:
  85. // Used to disable constructors for objects that are not compatible with the
  86. // signature of this FunctionRef.
  87. template <typename F,
  88. typename FR = absl::base_internal::invoke_result_t<F, Args&&...>>
  89. using EnableIfCompatible =
  90. typename std::enable_if<std::is_void<R>::value ||
  91. std::is_convertible<FR, R>::value>::type;
  92. public:
  93. // Constructs a FunctionRef from any invokable type.
  94. template <typename F, typename = EnableIfCompatible<const F&>>
  95. FunctionRef(const F& f) // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
  96. : invoker_(&absl::functional_internal::InvokeObject<F, R, Args...>) {
  97. absl::functional_internal::AssertNonNull(f);
  98. ptr_.obj = &f;
  99. }
  100. // Overload for function pointers. This eliminates a level of indirection that
  101. // would happen if the above overload was used (it lets us store the pointer
  102. // instead of a pointer to a pointer).
  103. //
  104. // This overload is also used for references to functions, since references to
  105. // functions can decay to function pointers implicitly.
  106. template <
  107. typename F, typename = EnableIfCompatible<F*>,
  108. absl::functional_internal::EnableIf<absl::is_function<F>::value> = 0>
  109. FunctionRef(F* f) // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
  110. : invoker_(&absl::functional_internal::InvokeFunction<F*, R, Args...>) {
  111. assert(f != nullptr);
  112. ptr_.fun = reinterpret_cast<decltype(ptr_.fun)>(f);
  113. }
  114. // To help prevent subtle lifetime bugs, FunctionRef is not assignable.
  115. // Typically, it should only be used as an argument type.
  116. FunctionRef& operator=(const FunctionRef& rhs) = delete;
  117. // Call the underlying object.
  118. R operator()(Args... args) const {
  119. return invoker_(ptr_, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
  120. }
  121. private:
  122. absl::functional_internal::VoidPtr ptr_;
  123. absl::functional_internal::Invoker<R, Args...> invoker_;
  124. };
  125. ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
  126. } // namespace absl
  127. #endif // ABSL_FUNCTIONAL_FUNCTION_REF_H_